(b) Fibrocartilage provides some compressibility and can absorb pressure. The major types of connective tissue are connective tissue proper, supportive tissue, and fluid tissue. Under the microscope, a tissue specimen shows cells located in spaces scattered in a transparent background. Other cells move in and out of the connective tissue in response to chemical signals. The macrophage cell is a large cell derived from a monocyte, a type of blood cell, which enters the connective tissue matrix from the blood vessels. Supportive connective tissuebone and cartilageprovide structure and strength to the body and protect soft tissues. It provides protection to internal organs and supports the body. Wise, Eddie Johnson, Brandon Poe, Dean H. Kruse, Oksana Korol, Jody E. Johnson, Mark Womble, Peter DeSaix. Function: Wraps and cushions organs, macrophages phagocytize bacteria, holds and conveys tissue fluid. Cartilaginous tissue is avascular, thus all nutrients need to diffuse through the matrix to reach the chondrocytes. With proper rest and managed care, you will be back on the court to hit that slice-spin serve over the net. It contains all the cell types and fibers previously described and is distributed in a random, web-like fashion. Two major forms of supportive connective tissue, cartilage and bone, allow the body to maintain its posture and protect internal organs. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License . As with dense regular connective tissue, when elastic fibers running in random directions outnumber collagen fibers, the tissue is a dense irregular elastic connective tissue. Table \(\PageIndex{1}\): Connective Tissue Examples. It fills the spaces between muscle fibers, surrounds blood and lymph vessels, and supports organs in the abdominal cavity. As a consequence, it displays greater resistance to stretching. The soot particle has a charge of 4.51011C4.5 \times 10^{-11} \mathrm{C}4.51011C. Under epithelial tissues 2. Two major forms of supportive connective tissue, cartilage and bone, allow the body to maintain its posture and protect internal organs. A few cells can be seen squeezed between the fibers. Connective tissues come in a vast variety of forms, yet they typically have in common three characteristic components: cells, large amounts of amorphous ground substance, and protein fibers. The chemical nature and physical layout of the extracellular matrix and proteins vary enormously among tissues, reflecting the variety of functions that connective tissue fulfills in the body. The surface of hyaline cartilage is smooth. It is lighter than compact bone and found in the interior of some bones and at the end of long bones. As may be obvious from its name, one of the major functions of connective tissue is to connect tissues and organs. What is the current? LM 400. Compact bone is solid and has greater structural strength. Watch this animation to learn more about tendonitis, a painful condition caused by swollen or injured tendons. This arrangement gives the tissue greater strength in all directions and less strength in one particular direction. By the end of this section, you will be able to: As may be obvious from its name, one of the major functions of connective tissue is to connect tissues and organs. The surface of hyaline cartilage is smooth. Osteocytes, bone cells like chondrocytes, are located within lacunae. Both strong and flexible, it is found in the rib cage and nose and covers bones where they meet to form moveable joints. They are found throughout the body, but are most abundant in the reticular tissue of soft organs, such as liver and spleen, where they anchor and provide structural support to the parenchyma (the functional cells, blood vessels, and nerves of the organ). Structurally, all connective tissues contain cells that are embedded in an extracellular matrix stabilized by proteins. conveys tissue fluid and strengthens organs Areolar tissue is a reservoir for water, salts and fibroblasts What does adipose tissue contain? Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.org. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Cytokines recruit other cells of the immune system to infected sites and stimulate their activities. Cartilaginous tissue is avascular, thus all nutrients need to diffuse through the matrix to reach the chondrocytes. The three main types of cartilage tissue are hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, and elastic cartilage ([link]). Nonetheless, connective tissues have a common structural plan, and we use areolar connective tissue (ah-re 9 o-lar) as our prototype, or model (Figure 4 and Figure 4 . With proper rest and managed care, you will be back on the court to hit that slice-spin serve over the net. A large number of capillaries allow rapid storage and mobilization of lipid molecules. Supportive connective tissuebone and cartilageprovide structure and strength to the body and protect soft tissues. Loose connective tissue is found between many organs where it acts both to absorb shock and bind tissues together. Roaming, or free, macrophages move rapidly by amoeboid movement, engulfing infectious agents and cellular debris. Reticular tissue is a mesh-like, supportive framework for soft organs such as lymphatic tissue, the spleen, and the liver (Figure \(\PageIndex{4}\)). Q. Connective tissue is made of which three essential components? Connective tissue that stores fat and protects organs. energy storage, padding between joints and organs, heat conversion ( surrounds joints organs, dermis of skin) . Dense connective tissue proper is richer in fibers and may be regular, with fibers oriented in parallel as in ligaments and tendons, or irregular, with fibers oriented in several directions. As you might expect, a fibrocyte, a less active form of fibroblast, is the second most common cell type in connective tissue proper. The amount and structure of each component correlates with the function of the tissue, from the rigid ground substance in bones supporting the body to the inclusion of specialized cells; for example, phagocytic cells that engulf pathogens and also rid tissue of cellular debris are common in many connective tissues. Their effectiveness at storing large amounts of fat is witnessed in obese individuals. Discuss how blood fulfills this role. Some cells have the ability to cross the endothelial layer that lines vessels and enter adjacent tissues. After examining your swollen wrist, the doctor in the emergency room announces that you have developed wrist tendinitis. Blood contains formed elements derived from bone marrow. Connective tissue that attaches muscles and bones. For active individuals, dynamic stretches before exercising and cross training or changing exercises are recommended. Cells circulate in a liquid extracellular matrix. Connective Tissue Supports and Protects by OpenStaxCollege is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. The macrophage cells are an essential component of the immune system, which is the bodys defense against potential pathogens and degraded host cells. Packages organs 3. As you have seen from the tissue types discussed above, the main role of connective tissues is to form the structural framework of the body. San Antonio College, Whitney Menefee, Julie Jenks, Chiara Mazzasette, & Kim-Leiloni Nguyen, ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative, Connective Tissue Fibers and Ground Substance, https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology, Identify and distinguish between the types of connective tissue: proper, supportive, and fluid, Explain the functions of connective tissues. Communication within the body is essential for homeostasis. These combine to form a proteoglycan with a protein core and polysaccharide branches. This is a factor contributing to the very slow healing of cartilaginous tissues. It stores fat for energy and provides insulation. capillary action: If the adhesive forces are _____ than the cohesive forces, the attraction to the surface draws the liquid up the tube and the cohesive forces pull along those molecules not in direct contact with the tube walls In dense irregular connective tissue, the direction of fibers is random. Surgical repair of a tendon is painful. Hyaline cartilage, the most common type of cartilage in the body, consists of short and dispersed collagen fibers and contains large amounts of proteoglycans. The first connective tissue to develop in the embryo is mesenchyme, the stem cell line from which all connective tissues are later derived. Secreted by fibroblasts, ground substance is made of polysaccharides, specifically hyaluronic acid, and proteins. They originate in the mesodermal germ layer and differentiate from mesenchyme and hematopoietic tissue in the bone marrow. The macrophage cells are an essential component of the immune system, which is the bodys defense against potential pathogens and degraded host cells. Collagen fiber is made from fibrous protein subunits linked together to form a long and straight fiber. The external ear contains elastic cartilage. These cells can differentiate into any type of connective tissue cells needed for repair and healing of damaged tissue. Visit this link to test your connective tissue knowledge with this 10-question quiz. White adipose tissue is most abundant. The proteoglycan attracts and traps available moisture forming the clear, viscous, colorless matrix you now know as ground substance. No blood vessels supply cartilage tissue. (Micrographs provided by the Regents of University of Michigan Medical School 2012), Blood is a fluid connective tissue containing erythrocytes and various types of leukocytes that circulate in a liquid extracellular matrix. Injuries to cartilage heal very slowly because cells and nutrients needed for repair diffuse slowly to the injury site. The ligaments in the vocal folds and between the vertebrae in the vertebral column are elastic. Access for free athttps://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology. Osteocytes, bone cells like chondrocytes, are located within lacunae. If the cobalt was initially at rest, use the conservation of momentum equation to determine its speed following the gamma ray emission. A. Severe cases of tendinitis can even tear loose a tendon. White adipose tissue can be found protecting the kidneys and cushioning the back of the eye. They are found throughout the body, but are most abundant in the reticular tissue of soft organs, such as liver and spleen, where they anchor and provide structural support to the parenchyma (the functional cells, blood vessels, and nerves of the organ). This book uses the Wraps and cushions organs 2. As a consequence, it displays greater resistance to stretching. The major component of the matrix is a ground substance often crisscrossed by protein fibers. It forms the lamina propria of mucus membranes; packages organs; surrounds capillaries. Lymph drains into blood vessels, delivering molecules to the blood that could not otherwise directly enter the bloodstream. Cellularity, specialized contacts, polarity, supported by connective tissue, and regeneration. Under, or deep to, the superficial fascia is the deep fascia. Cancellous bone is spongy and less solid than compact bone. this is called __________, Anatomy - Exam 2 Practice Questions - Histolo, muscles of lower limbs (leg, foot, and toes), muscles of the lower limbs (thigh, hip, and k, muscles of the upper limb (forearm, elbow, ha, John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine, David N. Shier, Jackie L. Butler, Ricki Lewis. Cancellous bone is spongy and less solid than compact bone. Brown adipose tissue is thermogenic, meaning that as it breaks down fats, it releases metabolic heat, rather than producing adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a key molecule used in metabolism. What type of connective tissue should you expect ligaments to contain? A layer of dense irregular connective tissue covers cartilage. The matrix is the most abundant feature for loose tissue although adipose tissue does not have much extracellular matrix. This is due to what is behind each of the properties. Fibrocartilage is tough because of extra collagen fibers and forms, among other things, the intervertebral discs. Erythrocytes, or red blood cells, transport the gases oxygen and carbon dioxide. Dense regular connective tissue fibers are parallel to each other, enhancing tensile strength and resistance to stretching in the direction of the fiber orientations. In other tissues, stretching in several directions is achieved by alternating layers where fibers run in the same orientation in each layer, and it is the layers themselves that are stacked at an angle. Elastic cartilage contains elastic fibers as well as collagen and proteoglycans. or it can form "ropes" (tendons and ligaments) of incredible strength. Your opponent stands ready as you prepare to hit the serve, but you are confident that you will smash the ball past your opponent. It makes up a template of the embryonic skeleton before bone formation. It allows water, salts, and various nutrients to diffuse through to adjacent or imbedded cells and tissues. . Adipose tissue consists mostly of fat storage cells, with little extracellular matrix ([link]). LM 800. Blood is a fluid connective tissue, a variety of specialized cells that circulate in a watery fluid containing salts, nutrients, and dissolved proteins in a liquid extracellular matrix. What is the description of connective tissue fibers? Organ capsules (collagenous type) and walls of arteries (elastic type) contain dense irregular connective tissue. Surgical repair of a tendon is painful. These granules contain the chemical signals histamine and heparin. (Micrograph provided by the Regents of University of Michigan Medical School 2012), This is a loose connective tissue made up of a network of reticular fibers that provides a supportive framework for soft organs. Elastic cartilage contains elastic fibers as well as collagen and proteoglycans. For the passionate athlete, it may be time to take some lessons to improve technique. Dense regular elastic tissue contains elastin fibers in addition to collagen fibers, which allows the ligament to return to its original length after stretching. Elastic fibers are prominent in elastic tissues found in skin and the elastic ligaments of the vertebral column. type of connective tissue that provides strength to the body and protects soft tissue synovial membrane connective tissue membrane that lines the cavities of freely movable joints, producing synovial fluid for lubrication tight junction forms an impermeable barrier between cells tissue group of cells that are similar in form and perform related . What is the ground substance in typical connective tissue matrix? 4. the surface tension of water is high because molecule form multiple Hydrogen bonds. Reticular cells produce the reticular fibers that form the network onto which other cells attach.