disadvantages of vetiver grass disadvantages of vetiver grass

the long term. outside the culverts where it can be easily cleaned if required. DNA fingerprints (RAPDs) of the pantropical grass. Vetiver is used to treat nerve and circulation issues, as well as stomach pain. In addition, few farmers are aware of just how much soil they are losing and may have no interest in any erosion-control process. Vetiver Grass Technology (VGT) involves the correct application of this This practice has been very successfully used in . First Int. Strips are bands of vetiver 1m in length, raised in special containers for 2-3 months. Xie (1997) found that for Fujian province the cost of VGT is only 10% Based on feedback from you, our users, we've made some improvements that make it easier than ever to read thousands of publications on our website. Its Vetiveria can also be found as scented fibrous roots in Indian marketplaces. Since most major applications require a large number of plants, the quality of the planting material is important for the successful application of the Vetiver System (VS). Photo 1: Upper: Machine planting; lower: manual planting. River and drainage channel banks in tropical Australia where flooding Recommended by the World Bank, the Philippines Department of Public slopes. Vetiver can withstand drought[28,178] and is not affected by flood[178]. Laying or standing, cut pieces of culms under mist or on moist sand will cause roots or shoots to develop rapidly at each node. both plants and human. but trees are slow and often difficult to establish on such hostile environment. 3.2 Runoff Control And Water Diversion With VGT, 3.2.1 Hydraulic properties, erosion control and flood mitigation, When planted in row, vetiver plants of a 60m long box culvert section on the highway in southern Queensland. (1995). Vetiver Network Newsletter N0.19, June 1998. Moreover, because of its dense Decision-and policy-makers are even less concerned; few of them ever get excited about soil loss. as this species produces viable seeds its application should be restricted to their home the vetiver hedges will protect the banks of river and stream under flood conditions. Deep roots, easy to grow, prevents soil erosion and so much more. highway network is expanding rapidly, for example during the 1992-1996, more than. It is minimally dependent on public agencies or neighborly cooperation. Promoting root development on new shoots. The major advantage of VGT over conventional engineering measures is its low cost. single clone of V.zizanioides. This in sharp contrast to the control site which remained bare and erodible. In the last 10 years he has concentrated on the application of the For the last three years, VGT has been used as a major component of a Vetiver Grass - The Hedge Against Erosion-A technology for soil and water conservation and embankment stabilization -- VIDEO This video was first prepared in 1995 and is a voice over slide production describing how vetiver grass technology works. Baker, 1996). batter stabilisation, erosion, sediment and runoff control program for Queensland Rail. Application of the vetiver grass hedges to erosion control on the intensive watering during hot and dry periods and therefore not recommended for A machine should uproot the mature stock 20-25cm (8-10) lower ground. Switch between the Original Pages, where you can read the report as it appeared in print, and Text Pages for the web version, where you can highlight and search the text. Given its sterility, this vetiver must be propagated vegetatively. To demonstrate the effectiveness of VGT, a trial was conducted to sediment is not removed (Truong et al,1997). This test was conducted in a flume (61 cm wide) and the water (flowing at 28 liters per second) was ponded to a depth of 30 cm behind the hedge. Part 182 -- Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. grass is fast growing and with its very extensive and deep root system can provide the 3.4 Protection of Concrete and Gabion Structures. It does not appear to compete seriously with neighboring crop plants for the moisture or nutrients in the soil. Arsenic, Cadmium, Chromium, Nickel, Copper, Lead and Mercury which are highly toxic to the slope. How Vetiver Grass is effective for various diseases is listed in repertory format. It is not known how vetiver might work as a medicine. Fort Polk, Louisiana. the visual degradation of the environment caused by infrastructure development and partly Pacific Rim Vetiver Network. Neither outright threats nor appeals to "love of land" or "love of country" will serve in the long term. costs varied between 12 and 20% of conventional engineering methods. 3.3 Erosion Control and Sediment Trapping. It is widely used in treating fever, dysuria, burning sensation, fatigue syndrome, skin disorders etc. Vetiver is occasionally applied directly to the skin for stress relief, emotional trauma and shock, lice control, and insect repellency. botanical classification but it acts more like a tree than a typical grass with its Erosion control: vetiver grass is widely used throughout the tropics for planting on the contour as an anti-erosion measure. forest pests. Failure to do Photo 7: Bare root slips and tube stock (left), putting plants into polybags (middle )and polybagged plants ready for planting (right). completely protected from flood damage (Dalton et al, 1996). It has also been successfully the main disadvantage is their slightly higher costs. application in Kwa Zulu province in the stabilisation of both cut and fill batters, roads, However due to their small population the damage was The mean design tensile strength is about 75 Mpa (equivalent For steep slope stabilisation, the saving is in the order of 90 to 85% in China (Xie, 1997 soil conditions. Workshop, Fuzhou, China, October 1997. cropping layout, vetiver hedges were successful in reducing flood velocity and limiting very few species can be established due to the hostile environment. International Pte Ltd. lands. Some methods give extra income, but some need more management or higher investment. Synonyms: Andropogon muricatus Retz. In a recent trial, a vetiver hedge held back water almost as if it were a dam. VGT has been Vetiver grass is the coolest grass in town! Requires planting in moist soil. used to stabilise and rehabilitate a highly erodible acid sulfate soil on the coastal inlets, vetiver hedges will not only protect the inlets but they also trap the sediment Finally, it should be noted that although some hedges have formed within a few months of planting, in many sites the erosion-blocking, contiguous barrier will take 3 years or more to form. 30th Ann. www.ars-grin.gov/duke (Accessed 3 November 1999). Vetiver has sweet, fresh, calming, and pleasant characteristics, according to Ayurveda. nurseries and 431 vetiver fields at maintenance camps throughout the country and aiming at A fifth is that strips of vetiver across the land may sometimes be a nuisance. Although it eventually needs little or no care, sometimes the plant has to be helped to form a hedge at the beginning. Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Recommended for harsh and hostile conditions. In addition, it has to be understood that vetiver is a grass by It is imperative that any plants used for bio-engineering purposes will Most vetiver genotypes flower but do not produce seeds. The Vetiver Grass Technology (VGT) was first developed for soil and Table 1: Adaptability Range of Vetiver Grass in Australia and Other Countries. Increased maintenance cost following delivery, if not planted within a week. upstream. If youre pregnant, vetiver is probably not a good idea. Vetiver Grass Technology for mine tailings rehabilitation. 1980s following its promotion by the World Bank. for soil and water conservation purposes: The south Indian genotype is the main Proc. Names of Vetiver Grass in various languages of the world are also given. This is despite the fact that this vetiver clone has and at the same time makes it very difficult to be dislodged and extremely tolerant to However this weakness could be consider as a desirable The tensile strength of vetiver roots varies between 40-180 Mpa for the range of root Hengchaovanich (1997) also observed that vetiver can grow vertically on slope steeper Strain the solution and maintain in a cool place until use. Recommended for good nursery sites with easy access to irrigation. New shoots emerge from the base thus withstanding traffic and heavy grazing pressure. The increase was 39% A wild ecotype of vetiver grass originated in southern China is fertile, but . The mature hedge will form a living porous barrier which slows and spreads runoff This indicates that vetiver roots are as strong as, or even It is not difficult to remove if no longer wanted. If you aren't growing Vetiver grass in your yar. Truong, P N and Mason, F (1997). technique and recently a bio-engineering tool, the application of VGT requires the Dr. beneficial insects, as they are the all-important prey enemy of garden, agriculture and Asia, Oceania and Africa. It is (as mentioned) an especially important adjunct to contour cultivation. Tissue culture, using a small part of the plant to propagate on a large scale. lower planting costs as they are planted in 1m length and easier to plant especially on Farmers are only moderately concerned about soil loss and will list numerous higher priorities for improving their farms. R&D and A It is used to treat acne and sores because of its antibacterial characteristics. barriers from scouring and erosion by high velocity flows. The key is to plant the grass as a hedge along the contour, preferably set out with the aid of a simple "A" frame, with a space of 10cms between the grass slips. native vegetation took over. These animals are so destructive that . Splitting mature tillers from vetiver clump or mother plants, that yields bare root slips for immediate planting or propagating in polybags. This indicates that an Integrated Pest Management scheme will be put into Publ. More mature plants welcome flood irrigation. Before recommending any technique, researchers may wish to conduct careful experiments, with appropriate replications and controls, but erosion waits for no one. Click the link and enter your email address and we'll add you to our list! 7.2 Advantages and disadvantages of different planting materials The bare root slips are the cheapest but required splitting the large clumps before planting. Vetivers scientific name is Chrysopogon zizanioides, and it belongs to the Poaceae family (grass family). 1997, the Highway Bureau of Fujian Province has recently issued an official recommendation The plant can withstand a lot of water. Technical Bulletin N0. continue to grow with the new ground level eventually forming terraces, if trapped The failures were due entirely to poor application. Regional Waterboard Techn. Vetiver grass for the stabilisation and rehabilitation of Vetiver (Chrysopogon zizanioides), often known as khus, is a Poaceae perennial grass whose roots yield an oil used in perfumes. Thus, efforts to establish vetiver trials and even large-scale field projects should proceed without delay. Vetiver is a tropical grass and is able to withstand temperatures to -15 o C, but it is unlikely to grow in the UK as quickly or robustly as it does in Tropical and Mediterranean regions. effectively protected. control on a cropped floodplain, hedge hydraulics. VGT requires a good maintenance In country after country, more and more hill slopes and other marginal lands are being brought into cultivation in response to increasing population, decreasing food supplies, and other social and economic pressures. during the last four wet seasons with flow velocity up to 3.5m/sec. Beyond the advantages of the plant itself, the system of using vetiver is so easy to understand that people almost instantly grasp how to use it to their own advantage. International vetiver It even managed to punch through asphaltic concrete successfully used to stabilise a major drain in north Queensland against a series of major It is aready grown in the south of the UK with some success, but has not been utilised specifically for soil erosion control. Replacement of contour banks in steep sugarcane lands on the wet tropical coast.. Stabilisation of gully erosion in both cropping and grazing lands. 3.3 Bud multiplication or micro propagation. affected by either pests or diseases. themselves naturally in erosion-control activitiessomething that national planners have long dreamed of. Stings, Arthritis, and burns are all treated with it. These materials require most intensive watering during hot and dry periods and therefore not . to 150m in vertical height in areas where annual rainfall exceeds 3 000mm. Vetiver grass is a unique tropical and sub-tropical plant species originally from India, but which now exists in over 100 countries around the world. waterways to even out the flow of runoff throughout the year. Vetiver grows to a height of around one metre but should be cut back to a planting height of 150mm. In the current review, research on vetiver-based phytoremediation of unconventional water . Acid Sulfate Soils, Coffs Harbour, An assessment of urban and industrial This is especially true in marginal lands where a little fertilizer or a little water may be needed to help the young plants through their establishment phase. Photo 6: Plant with manure, in a good nursery bed. Although the protocols of individual laboratories differ, tissue culture involves a very small bit of tissue, growing it in a special medium under aseptic conditions, and planting the resulting small plantlets in appropriate media until they fully developed into small plants. This is partly due to the low costs of Vetiver, a very fast growing grass and until very recently a relatively Changes can be made. VGT has also been widely used for land stabilisation, soil erosion and penetration of a two year old Vetiver hedge with 15cm plant spacing can increase the shear 1995) and highly acidic (pH 3.5) tailings of a gold mine. Its known in India as Khus attar, a traditionally intense perfume, particularly for men. It identified the following reasons: Erosion prevention is seen as an end in itself. After two years, all three Sign up for email notifications and we'll let you know about new publications in your areas of interest when they're released. direct water flow to appropriate areas. Vetiver is an aromatherapy plant that is used to treat uneasiness, sleeplessness, and joint and muscular pain. This water is excellent for treating urinary problems that can arise throughout the summer. Stoll, J (1998). When planted upstream from the To add to the confusion, VGT exploits its different Vetiver, therefore, might help. later. Description. Vetiver is an aromatherapy plant that is used to treat uneasiness, sleeplessness, and joint and muscular pain. The main advantages of the strips are the vetiver plants were established close together The combination of the deep root system and thick growth of Murashige T., and Skoog F. (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bio assays with tobacco tissue cultures. Application of the Vetiver grass VGT in the stabilisation of some of the major highways in Malaysia such as the Kuala Comparative effectiveness of. Clonal propagation of vetiver in vitro. It can stand extreme heat (50C) and frost (-10C) and can be established in areas with an annual rainfall from 450 mm and higher. On the contrary, 30 other species found in the vetiver rows are considered Third Annual Conf. On steep slopes (30-60 To get rid of sun rashes, fresh Vetiver roots are put to daily bathing water. with particular reference to engineering applications. Poor land management can result from ignorance ormore oftenfrom economic, social, or political pressures. CONDITIONS OF USE AND IMPORTANT INFORMATION: This information is meant to supplement, not replace advice from your doctor or healthcare provider and is not meant to cover all possible uses, precautions, interactions or adverse effects. Plants are hardy and unaffected by exposure to high temperature and low moisture. It is important to understand that flora and fauna in an area have co-evolved and that plants and animals become interdependent. to all highway departments within the province to adopt VGT as the main method of highway No technique can, by itself, overcome these influences that are rooted in human institutions and human perceptions. structural strength needed in a relatively short period of time. This book assesses vetiver's promise and limitations and identifies places where this grass can be deployed without undue environmental risk. In: Proc. Water Bio-engineering, Manila April 1999), KEY WORD: Vetiver grass, erosion and sediment control, runoff, land The establishment time depends on the site, on the climate, and on the numbers and sizes of the plants employed. water to stable drainage outlets. The following criteria will facilitate the establishment of productive, easily managed vetiver nurseries: Soil type: Sandy loam nursery beds ensure easy harvesting and minimal damage to plant crowns and roots. Photo 11: In the north, in Bac Ninh (left) and Bac Giang (right). This is the final outcome of several steep slope Southern Queensland, Australia for flood mitigation on the flood plain of Queensland. tensile strength of vetiver roots increases with the reduction in root diameter, this overburden and highly saline, sodic and alkaline (pH 9.5) tailings of coal mines (Radloff, Because of the smaller gaps between plants these strips provide protection This cultivar Vetiver grass is a perennial grass with a height and depth of 2 m and 3 m, respectively, which can be effectively applied to absorb soluble nutrients consisting of nitrogen, phosphorus, as well as heavy metals, such as zinc, copper, nickel, chromium, and lead [22,23]. Vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides L.) is widely used for soil and water conservation, and land management. For any scientist to assess the merits of vetiver hedges at this stage is worrisome. Splitting tillers from a mother clump requires care, so that each slip includes at least two to three tillers (shoots) and a part of the crown. northern regions of Thailand, its effectiveness has been varied as the quality of planting First International Vetiver Conf., Thailand, 4-8 . heavy metal toxicities. The Conservation and Rehabilitation of African Lands: An International Scheme. Education, training, monitoring, and evaluation (of both farmers and administrators). You should always speak with your doctor or health care professional before you start, stop, or change any prescribed part of your health care plan or treatment and to determine what course of therapy is right for you. Field trials using hydraulic characteristics determined by the above Malaysia is currently leading the world in the application of VGT for Disadvantages: Vulnerable to drying and extreme temperatures. It was Le Van Du, Agro-Forestry University, Ho Chi Minh City, developed the following four-step method of propagating vetiver from cuttings: Photo 2: Bare root slips ready for planting out (left); being dipped in clay mud or manure slurry (cow tea) (right). Wearing a hat or cap made with Vetiver fiber shields you from the suns harsh rays. 74. This means that 15 tons of soil have gone, but the loss of only a millimeter is not noticeable!". First International Vetiver Conf., Thailand, 4-8 February 1996. the genetic uniformity of the planting material. It could be a boon to dozens of nations whose waterways are now filling with silt or suffering from seasonal cycles of flood and drought. stormwater inflow to the Manukau Harbour, Auckland. Figure 1: Hydraulic Model of Flooding Through Vetiver. Hedges of this deeply rooted species catch and hold back sediments while the stiff foliage acts as a filter that also slows runoff and keeps moisture on site. This increase in soil moisture could be acerbated when the vetiver was The vetiver culm is solid, stiff, and hard; it has prominent nodes with lateral buds that can form roots and shoots when exposed to moist conditions. For faster growth the slips should be kept in wet and sunny conditions until planting out (Photo 2). It should be stressed that VGT is a new technology. Regional Vetiver conference, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Vietnam. Dafforn,1997)., results of the Vetiver Identification Program, by DNA typing have shown Ideally, too, techniques for mass use must be cheap, uncomplicated, easy to understand, and simple to maintain under Third World conditions. Instead of using individual bags, bare root slips or culm slips are planted closely in specially-lined long furrows that will facilitate transportation and planting. In practice, all vetiver seedlings are propagated via ramets or tillers, which cannot meet the market demand and would also destroy the original habitat. This information is abstracted from Vetiver Systems Application A Technical Reference Manual. MedicalPlantsNews.com website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. bio-engineering technology for the prevention of highway slippage in souther China. and Xia et al, 1999). One is that in certain locations the farms are laid out as narrow strips going up and down the slopes. Use only the top part of the mature crown. The deep root system of the vetiver hedges will protect the ground surface next to the and Land Rehabilitation Group, Resource Sciences Centre, Queensland Department of Natural Its 4 000 km of highway were built in Fujian. lands caused by civil construction. In the last locust plague in southern and central Madagascar in of vetiver hedges under deep flow were determined by flume tests at the University of unique grass in erosion and sediment control in agricultural lands, land stabilisation in operation when vetiver is introduced to a new environment (Chen Shangwen, pers. This is partly due to the low costs of bio-engineering techniques, deep roots prevent it from being washed away while its thick top growth reduces flow Vetiver grass is a resilient species of grass with a deep root system that helps to stabilize the soil in which it grows. Farmers, seeing few short-term benefits, lack motivation. Agric. Indeed, perhaps the most important feature of the vetiver method is its compatibility with all the other techniques. Fifteen years of bio-engineering in the wet tropics from A. Kingett Mitchell and Associates Ltd (1995). rainfall condition this depletion would reduce soil moisture up to 1.5m from the hedges so far have been varied, it was excellent at some part but very disappointing at others. Proc. Copyright 2023 National Academy of Sciences. Abstracts. of erosion control and land stabilisation which softens the harsh look often population. appreciably. In addition to stabilizing banks and slopes, vetiver grass pulls contaminants from water and acts as a source material for many uses, including roofing thatch, handicrafts, and livestock feed. Certainly there is some truth in these assertions, but the mind-sets of today need not be those of tomorrow. suitably designed. out, the vetiver hedgerow planted for erosion control was not eaten, even its young Shading: Open space is recommended, since shading affects vetiver growth. dryland salinity and irrigation. Training of operational staff: Well trained staff is essential to a nurserys success. All in all, therefore, vetiver is a solution that should be acceptable to most users. Do you enjoy reading reports from the Academies online for free? Tube stocks are tubed or potted plants (4-5 week old) which can be kept in nursery and vetiver plants particularly in the establishment phase. In Australia it has been submitted from 29 countries outside South Asia, 53 (88%) were a single clone of V.zizanioides. water conservation in farm lands. Australia, Truong, P, Baker, D E, and Christiansen, I (1995). Large numbers can be mechanically planted in large areas. Resources, (Paper prepared for the First Asia-Pacific Conference on Ground and In a related vein, a few years back, an FAO publication** highlighted what its authors considered the reasons why large-scale centralized soil-conservation schemes failed. mid 1998, this Author noted that while the crop of chilly and associated weeds were eaten VGT has also been used very effectively in the stabilisation of a 200m its effectiveness in erosion control in Fiji. Preparation requires a longer period to prepare, four to five weeks or longer. The thatch can then be placed behind the newly planted slips to provide an . cropped flood plain of the Darling Downs. The mechanism of action of vetiver as a medication is unknown. Vetiver Conf., Thailand . Title 21. A third is that vetiver (at least in many places) does need some care during the period immediately after planting. stabilisation, soil erosion and sediment control (Truong,1997). q = discharge per unit width y = depth of flow y1 = depth Ushira - Vetiver is a coolant, but yet aids in digestion. Australia pp 196-8. However 3.2.4 Advantages of using bare root slips and culm slips. Certain types appear to bear infertile seed and produce no spreading stolons or rhizomes, so they remain where they are planted. not become a weed in the local environment. Vetiver is used to treat skin conditions that occur throughout the summer. The massive root Therefore vetiver produces best growth For example, as all vetiver research conducted in Australia have been based on Monto In India, dry roots of Vetiver are used in evaporative coolers instead of straw or wood. bio-engineering purposes. At Premier (800mm annual rainfall) and Koffiefonteine (300mm rainfall) diamond mines This practice saves labour when planting on difficult sites such as steep slopes, and enjoys a high survival rate since the roots remain together. highways and in different areas of the provinces. subtropical Australia. Research in soil McGraw Hill, New York, Hengchaovanich, D. (1996). control, environmental and infrastructure protection, and mine rehabilitation. Colloidal materials may slip on through with the surplus runoff, but most suspended materials will deposit behind the hedges. (Few, if any, other grasses seem able to hold back soil or moisture when planted in such a thin line.). Similar saving could be expected elsewhere as the saving was Nevertheless, much about vetiver can still be judged fairly, based on miscellaneous experience, observation, and even anecdote. However it must be emphasised that to provide an effective support for It is able to survive drought, flood, windstorm, fire, grazing animals, and other forces of nature, except freezing. three metre depth commonly use in hard approach slope stabilisation work. Discard the solid parts and keep only the solution. It does not require foreign exchange or expensive equipment. Vetiver root fiber is also used in building materials. This So = land slope Sf = energy slope NF Land Management. 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