Saint Mungo's feast day is 1 July. The Glasgow coat of arms seen on the side of a trolleybus in Scotland. He lived from 528 to 13 January 614, being born in Fife on the banks of the River . As we saw last week Mungo had been preaching Christianity to the Britons in the Kingdom of Strathclyde, and had some success. There seems little reason to doubt that Mungo was one of the first evangelists of Strathclyde, under the patronage of King Rhiderch Hael, and probably became the first Bishop of Glasgow. The bird, tree, bell and fish are associated with miracles attributed to Mungo. A few minutes walk north from there lies St. Mungo Museum of Religious Life and Art. Photograph by John McKenna, Alamy Stock Photos. Inside South Africas skeleton trade. Jocelin's post-Schism Life seems to have altered parts of earlier accounts that he did not understand; while adding others, like the trip to Rome, that served his own purposes, largely the promotion of the Bishopric of Glasgow. It was said to be miraculous, she says of the bell. St Kentigern's is a small Roman Catholic Church in the village of Eyeries, on the Beara peninsula in West Cork, Ireland.[19]. His nickname Mungo possibly derives from an Old Welsh form for "my dear" or "beloved." A spring called "St. Mungo's Well" fell eastwards from the apse. Photograph by Douglas Carr, Alamy Stock Photos. Baby Mungo somehow survived, the first of many miracles linked to Glasgow's patron saint . Smug has also painted a mural of St. Enoch holding a baby Mungo that can be found on George Street. The stories and legends may have been key factors in making Mungo beloved, but the evangelist himself probably would have preferred that people remember his saying that became the motto of his city: Let Glasgow flourish by the preaching of the Word.. Glasgow Cathedral, dedicated to St. Mungo, is the oldest church in mainland Scotland and the oldest building in Glasgow. Born during the 6th century, Mungo was reportedly raised by St. Servanus in his monastery in Scotland after his mother entrusted him to the monk. Jennifer Westwood and Sophia Kingshill The Lore of Scotland: A guide to Scottish Legends (2009).Allison Galbraith Lanarkshire Folk Tales (2021).St Mungo Heritage Trail Guide. Did you know you can manage your profile, and explore all of the available newsletters from GlasgowWorld within your account. This timeworn stone building hosts exhibits highlighting the many ways different religions shape local cultures. (Why Glasgow is Scotlands most exciting city right now.). [20][21] Saint Mungo's runs hostels, outreach, emergency shelters, and employment and training services. St. Kentigern's Academy opened in Blackburn, West Lothian in September 1974. His father, Owain was a King of Rheged, who survives in the later legendary French Arthurian romances of Chrtien de Troyes as Yvain, as well as in other Arthurian stories. Folklore Scotland [SCIO] Charity No.SC050357. St Mungo, was an apostle of the Scottish Kingdom of Strathclyde in the late sixth century. In the Lake District village of Caldbeck there is a church and a well named after him. The City of Glasgows coat of arms depicts an oak tree, a robin, a bell and two salmon each with a ring in its mouth. In carrying out this sentence Teneu was thrown from Traprain Law, East Lothian. It provides an online and in-person "Recovery College" free to its students.[22]. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google, Glasgow MSP was grieving her dad over zoom while Downing Street party happened, Batgirl: Star Leslie Grace keeps costume under wraps as filming continues in Glasgow, This website and its associated newspaper are members of Independent Press Standards Organisation (IPSO). The Glasgow coat of arms seen on the side of a trolleybus in Scotland. St Mungo and his miracles were incorporated into our earliest seals and are to be found in the current Coat of Arms. The Life of Saint Mungo bears similarities with Chrtien de Troyes's French romance Yvain, the Knight of the Lion (Yvain being a derivation of Owain, Kentigern's father). He is St. Mungo, the illegitimate son of an alleged witch thrown from a cliff while he was in her womb. Printable Catholic Saints PDFs. On the monks return, Mungo removed the ring from inside the mouth of the salmon. Obviously not a nice man and wanting rid of his queen, the king threw her wedding ring into the Clyde then claimed she had given it to her lover. Icon of St. Kentigern (Mungo), Bishop in Scotland. In Cumbernauld, there is St. Mungo's Parish Church in the centre of the New Town. This name probably comes from the British *Cuno-tigernos, which is composed of the elements *cun, a hound, and *tigerno, a lord, prince, or king. There are several centuries of Scottish history about which we know very little for certain and what we think we know has usually been provided by unreliable witnesses often writing many decades or even centuries after the event. Glasgow Cathedral, dedicated to St. Mungo, is the oldest church in mainland Scotland and the oldest building in Glasgow. Your California Privacy Rights / Privacy Policy. Jocelin states that he rewrote the Vita from an earlier Glasgow legend and an old Gaelic document. She was sent up the Forth on a boat with no oars. As a circle in the shape of a medal formed around the vision, the letters were written, "O Mary conceived without sin, pray for us who have recourse to thee." His mother was Princess Thenog, and his grandfather Loth, king of the Votadini or Gododdin. We thought we knew turtles. He is a patron saint of the city of Glasgow that he founded. It was here, too, that Mungo died, apparently in his bath (or while giving a baptismal service: interpretations differ), on Sunday 13 January 614. It is still present but has been converted to housing and office space.[17][18]. It was said that the bell was used in services to mourn the dead. While there, he undertook a pilgrimage to Rome. In desperation, the queen sought help from Mungo, who had a fish scooped from the river and cut it open to reveal the lost ring. It is believed that St Enochs square in the city centre was the medieval site of a church built to honour Saint Teneu. Tourists can learn these wondrous tales while following the St. Mungo Heritage Trail, an online guide created by the Glasgow City Council. Mungo and Teneu would later become co-patron saints of the City of Glasgow. As founder of Glasgow, it was no less than he deserved. 13 January was a Sunday in both 603 and 614. He feast day is commemorated on January 14 in the Eastern Orthodox Church, and on January 13 in the West. All rights reserved. St. Mungo himself rests beneath the nearby Glasgow Cathedral. The pet, however, was killed by some of the boys at the monastery, who wished to place the blame on Mungo. His church became a community that was known as Eglais-Cu or dear family - later recognised as Glasgow. Several have been passed down ever since. No matter how slippery, this holy mans tale helps explain the origin, evolution, and medieval wonders of Glasgow, particularly to travellers who follow the St. Mungo Heritage Trail or attend his festival. is traditionally said to have died on January 13, 603, and was almost immediately acclaimed as a saint. As a subscriber, you are shown 80% less display advertising when reading our articles. St. Mungos miraculous story is a murky mix of fact and fiction. (1987). By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. [10], Saint Mungo's Well was a cold water spring and bath at Copgrove, near Ripon, North Yorkshire, formerly believed effective for treating rickets. Bishop Jocelyn (1174-1199) commissioned a book to promote Mungo as a saint. The Glasgow-born Harry Stone named it in honour of the patron saint of his birth city when the charity was established in 1969. Mungo cut the fish open and found the ring. Surviving, she was then abandoned in a coracle in which she drifted across the Firth of Forth to Culross in Fife. Saint Mungo, also known as Saint Kentigern, Cantigernus or Cyndeyrn Garthwys, lived from 528 to 13 January 614. STDs are at a shocking high. On their return they were taken off to St Mungo's well, near Knaresborough, for further treatment by cold bathing." So much so that by the age of 25, he was able to found a Christian settlement where the Molendinar Burn meets the River Clyde. Far to the north and west, St Columba was in the midst of . You can still find traces of St. Mungo and St. Enoch in Glasgow today if you know where to look. Unauthorized use is prohibited. He is said to have died in his bath, on Sunday 13 January. His nickname, Mungo, means dear beloved, which makes sense considering the adoration he has received centuries after his death around 612. All of its events are free, the most popular of which are lectures on Glasgows heritage by experts in history, literature, art, and archaeology. He was regarded as a holy priest and was eventually consecrated the first bishop of Glasgow. The wider picture at the time is set out in our Historical Timeline. In a late 15th century fragmentary manuscript generally called "Lailoken and Kentigern," Mungo appears in conflict with the mad prophet, Lailoken alias Merlin. An ancient church in Bromfield, Cumbria is named after him, as are Crosthwaite Parish Church and some other churches in the northern part of the modern county of Cumbria (historic Cumberland). The Life of Saint Mungo bears similarities with Chrtien de Troyes's French romance Yvain, the Knight of the Lion. He is a patron saint of the city of Glasgow that he founded. Glasgow's current motto Let Glasgow flourish by the preaching of His word and the praising of His name and the more secular Let Glasgow flourish, are both inspired by Mungo's original call "Let Glasgow flourish by the preaching of the word". Myth rather than legend, all of it, but the bell, tree, bird and fish have long featured on Glasgows crest, and the saint is also responsible for the citys motto: Lord let Glasgow flourish by the preaching of thy word and the praising of thy name.. I dont know of another city in Europe where a [patron] saints legends are as well known, says Macquarrie. A strong anti-Christian movement in Strathclyde, headed by a certain King Morken, compelled Mungo to leave the district, and he retired to Wales, via Cumbria, staying for a time with Saint David at St David's, and afterwards moving on to Gwynedd where he founded a cathedral at Llanelwy (St Asaph in English). The St. Mungo Museum of Religious Life and Art in Glasgow, Scotland, explores the importance of religion in peoples lives around the world throughout history. The fish: This story is the most interesting. This would later shorten to Let Glasgow Flourish becoming the motto for the city. It is very difficult and, in many cases, ultimately hopeless, to try to recover what actually happened in a saints life, says Broun. Perhaps most prominent is the famous mural by Australian artist Smug depicting a modern-day St. Mungo and a robin, alluding to his miracle with the bird. He had in his hand the Manual-book, always ready to exercise his ministry, whenever necessity or reason demanded. In Scotland he is considered a patron saint of those needing help against bullies, of those accused of infidelity, and of salmon. To approach a question 400 million years in the making, researchers turned to mudskippers, blinking fish that live partially out of water. Mungo let the oxen pulling the cart go where they wanted, and they stopped at the spot where Glasgow Cathedral now stands. This jealousy and resentment continued to grow eventually causing Mungo to leave the monastery. Saint Mungo according to tradition founded a number of churches during his period as hierarch of Strathclyde, of which Stobo Kirk is a notable example. The young Teneu was sexually assaulted by the Welsh prince Owain mab Urien, resulting in her pregnancy. Far to the north and west, St Columba was in the midst of his mission to the Scots and Picts. Saint Mungo is said to have died in the early 7th century CE. After completing his religious training, Mungo left Culross and encountered a dying holy man named Fergus, whose final wish was to be hauled on a cart by bulls and buried wherever they halted. The boat landed safely at Culross in Fife, Macquarrie says, where she was met by St. Serf, the abbott of Culross monastery, who acted as midwife at Kentigerns birth. The evidence is based on the Old Welsh record Conthigirn(i). Post moderation is undertaken full-time 9am-6pm on weekdays, and on a part-time basis outwith those hours. He built his church across the water from an extinct volcano, next to the Molendinar Burn, where the present medieval cathedral now stands. In the "Life of Saint Mungo," he performed four renowned miracles in Glasgow, memorialized in this verse: Here is the bird that never flew, here is the tree that never grew, here is the bell that never rang, here is the fish that never swam. In American Orthodox Christian publications, the 2001 St. Herman Calendar (from the St. Herman of Alaska Press) featured St. Kentigern Mungo on its cover. This gala event has grown enormously since its inception, says Stephen McKinney, spokesman for Mediaeval Glasgow Trust, which helps organise the festival. The cathedral is one of two in Scotland to have survived the Reformation intact. The Vita Kentigerni had to show that he had performed miracles in his life. Miracle of the Rosary Mission St Benedict Catholic Worker - a community serving the poor, . His feast day in the West is 13 January. A mural on High Street in Glasgow, Scotland, depicts a modern day St. Mungo, founder and patron saint of the city. The bell: Mungo is thought to have brought a bell for the cathedral from Rome when he visited there. Legend and Jocelyns work has it that he was a miracle worker, so well deal with that claim now as it is very much part of Glasgow lore. He decided to go and appointed Saint Asaph/Asaff as Bishop of Llanelwy in his place. Comments have been closed on this article. In Chrtien de Troyes; Burton Raffel, "The grandchildren of Lady Anne Clifford were sent to Utrecht in 1655 for the treatment of rickets and returned two years later in a man-of-war. Saint Mungo's Well was a cold water spring and bath at Copgrove, near Ripon, North Yorkshire, formerly believed effective for treating rickets. attests to Columba's work and miracles in the East of the country. An ancient church in Bromfield, Cumbria, is named after him, as are Crosthwaite Parish Church and some other churches in the northern part of Cumbria, for example St Mungo's Church, Dearham. Articles like these are sponsored free for every Catholic through the support of generous readers just like you. (Swinburne, L. M. "Rickets and the Fairfax family receipt books", "Saint Mungo", Saint Mungo's Church, Glasgow, "St Kentigern's Episcopal Church, Dennistoun, Glasgow", "HOPE STREET ST KENTIGERN'S CHURCH (CHURCH OF SCOTLAND)", "Soup and sympathy: Mark Gould talks to Charles Fraser, chief executive of St Mungo's", "Identity and Alterity in Hagiography and the Cult of Saints", Glasgow Museums: St Mungo Museum of Religious Life and Art, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saint_Mungo&oldid=1147098856, 13 January (in Orthodox Church, both 13 and 14 January), Bishop with a robin on his shoulder; holding a bell and a fish with a ring in its mouth, The Magnificent Gael [Reginald B. Hale] 1976, World Media Productions*. Now held over 11 days, St. Mungo Festival offers free lectures, musical performances, and guided tours of locations linked to this holy man, also known as St. Kentigern. [citation needed] However, in Scotland, excavations at Hoddom have brought confirmation of early Christian activity there, uncovering a late 6th-century stone baptistery. St Mungo, (also know as St Kentigern) was a missionary in the Brittonic Kingdom of Strathclyde in the late sixth century, and the founder and patron saint of the city of Glasgow. The St Mungo healing oil is dedicated to the great Scottish saint and missionary. A new discovery raises a mystery. The ring was a gift from Hyddderch Hael, King of Cadzow to his wife Queen Languoreth. His Welsh epithet Garthwys is of unknown derivation, although it is also the name of a warrior mentioned as being in the saint's grandfather Urien's band in the early Welsh poem Y Gododdin. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Or so the story goes. You can visit his tomb in the lower church. This timeworn stone building hosts exhibits highlighting the many ways different religions shape local cultures. Despite living some 1,400 years ago, he remains so relevant in Glasgow each January a large festival celebrates his legacy. The fish was the first to appear in 1270, joined by the bird in in 1271 and, shortly thereafter the tree, or at least a branch. Glasgow children learn the rhythm about St Mungo's miracles just like any other nursery rhyme or poem. It is believed that Teneu was Scotlands first reported rape victim and unmarried mother. His story remains a murky melange of fact and fiction. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Mungo's mother Teneu was a princess, the daughter of King Lleuddun (Latin: Leudonus) who ruled a territory around what is now Lothian in Scotland, perhaps the kingdom of Gododdin in the Old North. There is a United Church of Canada charge in Cushing Quebec Canada, Saint Mungo's United Church. His maternal grandfather, Lleuddun, was probably a King of the Gododdin; Lothian was named after him. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Readers comments: You are personally liable for the content of any comments you upload to this website, so please act responsibly. His maternal grandfather, Lleuddun, was probably a King of the legendary Gododdin; Lothian was named after him. The Christian King Rydderch Hael, known as the Liberal, won the throne of Strathclyde in or around the year 573, and immediately sent for Mungo who brought many monks with him. It is believed that the bell was given to Mungo by the Pope in Rome. After his departure, Mungo travelled to Stirling where he lived at the home of a holy man named Fergus. There is a St Kentigern's school and church in Blackpool. It was there Fergus was interred, and Mungo established a church and a new community he named Glasgu. This chapel developed into the magnificent 12th-century Glasgow Cathedral, now the citys oldest building, which is decorated by four symbols shared with the Glasgow crest. He looked after them and named the boy Mungo, meaning dear one. St. Kentigern is venerated as the Apostle of what is now northwest England (including Cumbria and the Lake District) and southwest Scotland. We may then apply our discretion under the user terms to amend or delete comments. Here is the fish that never swam[9]. This is the bell that never rang, and this the fish that never swam.. The Crest. The little-known history of the Florida panther. It was said to have been used in services and to mourn the deceased. It was from here that Mungo would say the words Let Glasgow flourish by the preaching of his words. Saint Mungo founded a number of churches during his period as Archbishop of Strathclyde of which Stobo Kirk is a notable example. 2 hours of sleep? Newsquest Media Group Ltd, 1st Floor, Chartist Tower, Upper Dock Street, Newport, Wales, NP20 1DW Registered in England & Wales | 01676637 |. She was kicked out of the kingdom after she fell pregnant following an encounter with her cousin, king Owain of North Rheged. Upon learning of Teneu's pregnancy, her father, King Lleuddun of Lothian, became . In another tale, Mungo fell asleep while guarding the monasterys holy fire, woke to find it extinguished, and so snapped branches from a tree and prayed until they were set ablaze. St. Mungo was inexplicable from birth, says Alan Macquarrie, honorary research fellow of history at the University of Glasgow. She appealed to Mungo for help, and he had someone catch a salmon from the river. Each year thousands of people gather in town to celebrate his legacy during the St. Mungo Festival. He spent the rest of his life assisting the king to rule as well as winning even more converts to Christianity. Glasgow Cathedral, dedicated to St. Mungo, is the oldest church in mainland Scotland and the oldest building in Glasgow. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. He is St. Mungo, the illegitimate son of an alleged witch thrown from a cliff while he was in her womb. When the fish was cut open, the ring was inside, thus saving the queen from punishment. Baby Mungo somehow survived, the first of many miracles linked to Glasgows patron saint. Baby Mungo somehow survived, the first of many miracles linked to Glasgows patron saint. A contemporary of St. Columba of Iona, he reposed not long after the papal Augustinian mission to Anglo-Saxon England. He ended up growing up in a monastery before traveling on his own, probably in his 20s, to do Gods work. The king actually had thrown the ring into the Clyde River, but he demanded that the queen produce it for him. One dead and seven injured in Cornwall nightclub knife attack, Nurses strike continues: Major disruption for NHS services in England, Additional flight to evacuate Britons from Sudan today, Ryanair cancels 220 flights over May 1 bank holiday due to strikes, Hardcore coronation fans already camped outside Buckingham Palace, Don Robertson replaces injured Collum as referee for Rangers vs Celtic. It was at Clas-gu that Mungo was visited by Saint Columba, who at the time was working as a missionary in central Scotland. The two saints met and exchanged croziers, or more likely simple staffs, with Mungos preserved for centuries. The festivals growth underscores the enduring influence of St. Mungo. The patron saint is allegedly buried in the cathedrals crypt. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Here is the bell that never rang Inside the cathedral you can visit the tomb of St Mungo, once affectionately referred to by . Here is the tree that never grew He was brought up by Saint Serf who was ministering to the Picts in that area. All rights reserved. On the spot where St. Kentigern was buried now stands the cathedral dedicated in his honour. This was the last of the design to be withdrawn in 1966. Saint Mungo was born to Saint Teneu in 518 AD, in Culross, Fife. Such is the case with St Mungo and the foundation of Glasgow. Entrust your prayer intentions to our network of monasteries. Despite living some 1,400 years ago, he remains relevant in Glasgow such that each January a large festival celebrates his legacy. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. A few minutes walk north from there lies St. Mungo Museum of Religious Life and Art. Another church called St Kentigern's was built in the town in the late 19th century. They are on the citys coat of arms, and the name St. His paternal grandfather Urien was an early Christian king of Rheged, in the "Old North" of Cumbria and the Lake District, celebrated in early poems attributed to the legendary bard Taliesin. It also weaves through central Glasgow past two exquisitely detailed murals of St. Mungo, both more than 30 feet tall, covering the sides of buildings on High Street. This 12th-century book provides the most detailed account of St. Mungos life. Surviving, she was then abandoned in a coracle in which she drifted across the River Forth to Culross in Fife. Help us continue to bring the Gospel to people everywhere through uplifting and transformative Catholic news, stories, spirituality, and more. These can be traced to the early seals of Glasgow's Bishops and to the Burgh Common Seal. In Scotland, excavations at Hoddom have brought confirmation of early Christian activity there, uncovering a late 6th century stone baptistery, likely to have been associated with the saint's missionary work. contact the editor here. Whatever the truth, his legacy is still feltand celebratedin Scotlands biggest city. The original bell no longer exists, and a replacement, created in the 1640s, is now on display in Glasgow. St Mungo suffered ill-health in later life and needed his chin to be bandaged constantly. He brought a robin back to life, brought a fire to life from a hazel tree branch, and was gifted a handbell by the Pope. While there, he undertook a pilgrimage to Rome. Her furious father had her thrown from the heights of Traprain Law. The bloody legend of Hungarys serial killer countess, See how stonemasons keep Englands oldest cathedrals standing tall, Behind the mystery of Saint Valentines bones, Why the shipyards that built the Titanic still influence Belfast, Copyright 1996-2015 National Geographic Society. This 12th-century book provides the most detailed account of St. Mungos life. In Wales and England, this saint is known by his birth and baptismal name Kentigern (Welsh The Miracles of St Mungo. And so by the whiteness of his dress he expressed the purity of his inner life and avoided vainglory.. During her second apparition, November 27, 1830, Our Lady stood on a globe, with her feet crushing a serpent.In her hands she held a small golden globe. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Saint Mungo is said to have performed four religious miracles in Glasgow, which are represented in the city's coat of arms. Kentigern and his mother were saved by St Serf at a monastery at Culross. He is said to have died in his bath, on Sunday 13 January. Data returned from the Piano 'meterActive/meterExpired' callback event. By the time he was 25, Mungo began his missionary adventures and established a church on the site where the city of Glasgow would later develop. Are you sure you want to delete this comment? To this day, Glasgow schoolchildren learn a rhyme about St. Mungo: This is the bird that never flew, and this the tree that never grew. The fourth miracle involves the legend of how a Queen of Strathclyde was facing execution for treason by her husband the king. He is St. Mungo, the illegitimate son of an alleged witch thrown from a cliff while he was in her womb. The story is that he accompanied a cart carrying the body of Fergus, a holy man, looking for a burial site. .css-tadcwa:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}Philip Kosloski - @media screen and (max-width: 767px){.css-1xovt06 .date-separator{display:none;}.css-1xovt06 .date-updated{display:block;width:100%;}}published on 01/13/19. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". He is the patron saint and founder of the City of Glasgow. Every January 13 we celebrate the patron saint of Glasgow - St Mungo. Such is his mystery, theres no proof St. Mungos remains are inside the cloth-covered coffin in the cathedrals crypt. Each of these icons represents a famous St. Mungo miracle, says Patricia Barton, lecturer in the history department at the University of Strathclyde Glasgow. Editors' Code of Practice. St. Mungo's Hospital for Magical Maladies and Injuries is the primary hospital of Magical Britain in the Harry Potter series of books by J. K. Faced with execution she appealed for help to the saint, who ordered a messenger to catch a fish in the river. He took the dead bird in his hands and prayed, bringing it back to life. A spring called "St. Mungo's Well" St. Mungo was inexplicable from birth, says Alan Macquarrie, honorary research fellow of history at the University of Glasgow. What began as a small event in 2010 has bloomed into a flagship fair for Glasgow, a proudly working-class city of 630,000 people in Scotland's south-west. Glasgow Cathedral, one of the few Scottish medieval churches to have survived the Reformation unscathed, features a stained glass window showing the four evangelistsMatthew, Mark, Luke, and Johnalong with their traditional emblems. These images relate to the four legends of Saint Mungo. On January 14, visitors to Glasgows enormous Mitchell Library can see a facsimile of Vita Kentigerni. For some thirteen years, he laboured in the district, living a most austere life in a small cell, and making many converts by his holy example and his preaching. According to medieval accounts of his life, St. Kentigern's mother Teneu (St. Theneva, also Thenaw, Denyw or Dwynwen) was the daughter of the Brythonic king, Lleuddun (Latin, Leudonus), who ruled in the Haddington region of what is now Scotland, probably the Kingdom of Gododdin in the Old North. Lailoken's appearance at the Battle of Arfderydd in 573 has led to a connection being made between this battle, the rise of Riderch Hael and the return of Mungo to Strathclyde. (For some readers, I have to insert here that the lower-level crypt was used to represent a Paris church in filming Outlander scenes when the character Claire, working as a healer, took care of poor patients.).