For me, XHTML is more natural, because it requires beginning and endings of most elements In the case of the empty elements, the / signals its end. For start and end tags, be aware that many tags are optional. In the 1990s, there was HTML. will not tolerate this incorrect usage, and any document that uses an ampersand incorrectly will not be "valid", and consequently will not conform to this specification. Provide instructions to help users understand how to complete the form and use individual form controls. When using the min attribute, ensure this minimum requirement is understood by the user. Enforce will not be the answer but I think encourage things like always close tags and do not suppress default arguments helps (again, a lot) on the readability of the code. ' to work as expected in HTML 4 user agents. For a document to be valid XHTML, attributes cannot be minimized. Conceptually its possible, but in practice, it should never be done. CSS style sheets for XHTML should use lower case element and attribute names. And coming from the old days of XHTML .. (been away from web design for 5 years) consciously decided now not to close tags if not needed so as to pay more attention. in SGML. Don't include more than one isindex element in the document head. When processing content, user agents that encounter characters or character entity references that are recognized but not renderable may substitute another rendering that gives the same meaning, Therefore, in XHTML 1.0 the id attribute is The following example shows the difference
the document. All the values of XHTML attributes must be quoted. Thats the simple story. If the value of the element is less than this, the element fails validation. Sorry for the question but I'm not familliar with XHTML. And for that matter, XML is essentially a stricter subset of SGML. As the XHTML family evolves, documents conforming to XHTML 1.0 will be more likely to interoperate within and among various XHTML environments. A Strictly Conforming XHTML Document is an XML document that requires only the facilities described as mandatory in this specification. Likewise, using a slash for void elements just makes them more readable (in my opinion); even if the computer doesnt care about them, and theyre there just for us dumb humans. Alternate ways of accessing the Internet are constantly being introduced. declared in the DTD as EMPTY must have an end tag. Oof. It is much easier to quickly tell that UL LI A refers to HTML elements than the following does: Especially when sifting through tons of CSS code. Maybe, Documents need not be well-formed, or Documents may be not-well-formed., Great read! selector syntax. Unfortunately, this constraint cannot be expressed in the XHTML 1.0 DTDs. When you start saying actually HR doesnt need a (self-)closing tag then you start having to remember a list of the rules do apply to these things, but not to these things, unless youre in this context in which case you may also need to do this; i.e. VSCode html code correction is driving me nuts when I innately sense its pointless. If you tried to validate a page containing instances of attribute minimization, for a document to be valid XHTML, attribute cannot minimized (York, 2005). Say what you will, I will always use self-closing tags for elements without a closing tag. The user agent must use the definition from CSS for processing whitespace characters [CSS2]. ! Each and every XHTML tag should have an equivalent closing tag, even empty elements should also have closing tags. New implementations should follow the latest version The value 8 is not valid. In SGML-based HTML 4 certain elements were permitted to omit the end tag; with the elements that followed implying closure. Youre bypassing a standard that can be used by editors / code processors to more easily distinguish between attribute / value, potentially creating issues with code scanning. Map sequences of one or more white space characters (including line breaks) to a single inter-word space. fragment. There are two ways of writing HTML: as SGML or as XML. Readability? Tools dont just automate repetitive tasks, they also free us from the drudgery of learning irrelevant arcana. Finally, note that XHTML 1.0 has deprecated the name attribute of the a, applet, form, frame, iframe, Again, theres nothing wrong with caring about this because you find it interesting. Where Im 100% on board is avoiding redundancy with things like disabled="disabled". therefore may not render the document as expected. A current list of patent disclosures relevant to this specification may be WebThe attributes individually are not necessarily required, but in total at least one attribute must be provided to indicate. All XML attributes must have If a user agent encounters an element it does not recognize, it must process the element's content. single tags then required / : like a closure. Document developers and user agent designers are constantly discovering new ways to express their ideas through new markup. All attribute values must be quoted, even those which appear to be numeric. Guidelines for creating compatible documents can be profiling mechanism, servers, proxies, and user agents will be able to perform best effort content transformation. There are no substantive changes in this document - only the integration of various errata. For non-empty elements, end tags are required. All elements other than those The root element of the document must contain an xmlns declaration for the XHTML namespace [XMLNS]. WebHTML with Attribute Minimization: However, if you are using purely HTML you must use the selected attribute in your tag as follows: HTML with Full Attribute Specification: Data masking is an inborn defect of measures of disproportionality in adverse drug reactions signal detection. "&"). identifiers on the elements listed above. Browsers are extremely tolerant but it doesnt mean we have to push these boundaries, they bring pretty much nothing except a lighter code (which is still important but considering you ship JS libraries beside). If this is not possible, a document that Its not a coincidence that this resembles the three ground rules for HTML, that it works with the premise of a smaller payload also leading to faster sites, and that this follows the school of minimal web development. A lot of the XHTML points actually made sense. Example of attribute minimization : input type = checkbox checked XHTML is in many ways similar to HTML , but it is stricter than HTML . The isindex element is deprecated in favor of the input element. Affordable solution to train a team and make them project ready. But while HTML documents work even when they contain severe syntax and wellformedness issues, its neither useful for the professional nor our field to use and abuse this resilience. evolution are discussed in more detail in [XHTMLMOD]. This flexibility, 3.2.3Character references Character referencesare Providing instructions within the may be sufficient. ( its permissive, not well formed , but quirk mode ). >//End o Remember that element and attribute names may be lowercase or uppercase. Is attribute minimization allowed in XHTML? Empty elements need to be closed. It specifies the language of the content within an element. Changes between this version and the previous Recommendation are Include a space before the trailing / and > of empty elements, e.g. In order to be Consistency is a lot easier than special rules. With build chains and HTML optimizers this is not necessary and just trains new web devs to not care and write code as if its 1990 again. The original idea to allow sloppiness to be the language of the Web is not something I support. This attribute is constrained such that it can only have the same values as type ID, or as the Name production in XML 1.0 Section 2.3, Note: be aware that if a document must include the character encoding declaration in a meta http-equiv statement, that document may always be interpreted by HTTP servers and/or user agents as corresponding items attribute requirements or the location allowing mixing of attributes. here is an emphasized paragraph .
, here is an emphasized paragraph.
. defined to be of type ID. Note the entity for the Euro currency sign (€ or At the time of publication, the working group believed there were zero patent disclosures relevant to this specification. The namespace for XHTML is Also, use the minimized tag syntax for empty elements, e.g. WebIn HTML, you can leave out the attribute value in such cases. These modules will permit the combination of existing and new feature sets when developing content and when designing new user agents. True B. a constraint required in your pages : the doctype, as you dont write it, your page goes quirk mode, its a great tool for all codes in your browser. This document is the second edition of the XHTML 1.0 specification incorporating the errata changes as of 1 August 2002. it The , , , Your email address will not be published. Under HTML 4, the interpretation of these values was case-insensitive, so a value of TEXT was equivalent to a value of text. Note: The xmlns attribute in <html>, specifies the xml namespace for
<p>here is a paragraph.<p>here is another paragraph. alternative syntax <br></br> allowed by XML gives uncertain results in many existing user agents. XHTML is a family of current and future document types and modules that reproduce, subset, and extend HTML4 [HTML4]. In an XML document, the character encoding of the document is specified on the XML declaration (e.g., <?xml version="1.0" encoding="EUC-JP"?>). In both cases, if omitted, the value defaults to 1. <anyTag someAttribut="value" model specifies that HTML element and attribute names are returned in upper-case. XHTML documents are XML conforming. For non-empty elements, end tags are not always required. I would argue that the code-coloring features implemented in virtually every modern editor render that argument moot, making all-caps really a matter of personal preference. By migrating to XHTML today, content developers can enter the XML world with all of its attendant benefits, while still WebA. Or, is it IMHO. changed. If you need to use Both of these attributes are designed to be used as fragment identifiers. or must display the document in such a way that it is obvious to the user that normal rendering has not taken place. Deprecate the language attribute of the script tag. attribute in HTML 4. "text/html" [RFC2854], as they are compatible with most HTML browsers. What are the benefits? XHTML overall is an improvement and saving a few bytes isnt worth losing readability when authoring html. WebAttribute Minimization XHTML does not allow attribute minimization. Copyright 2002 Note that this recommendation does not define how HTML conforming Remember, however, The low attribute value must be greater than the min Additionally, an attribute value may or may not be required as dictated by other configuration such as the. XHTML is not not the HTML way, its just not the SGML way. documents. The XML document object model specifies that element and attribute names are returned in the case they are specified. The latest status of this document series is maintained at the Enable JavaScript to view data. Essentially this means that all elements must However, selector syntax even if the user agent does not read the DTD. I like avoiding tags such as <head> because I know browsers are smart to add those and Im not making websites for bots to spam my comments forms, but in general I close my tags. For an example, see [XHTML+MathML]. The annotated contents of this file are available in this separate section for completeness. If youre open to a suggestion of what a more comprehensive, contemporary way of writing HTML could look like, I have one. The list below lists them (the attributes in italics were deprecated between HTML 4 and XHTML 1.0 and should not be used in XHTML. XHTML 1.0 (this specification) is the first document type in the XHTML family. use Agree Yes it works, but I think its just barbaric ;-). Still, I wouldnt suggest adopting all of these suggestions. wants to set its character encoding explicitly must include both the XML declaration an encoding declaration and a meta http-equiv statement (e.g., <meta element attributes. Lets actually do this (without the SGML part, because HTML isnt based on SGML anymore): Lets remove the esoteric things; the things that dont seem relevant. compatible with this convention, style elements should have their fragment identifier set using the id attribute, and an XML stylesheet declaration should reference this Entity references as hex values may not only be in lowercase. &#xnn;). conforming to International Standard ISO 8879, and is widely regarded as the standard publishing language of the World Wide WebAttributes are defined on the HTML markup but properties are defined on the DOM. While retaining these beneficial features, XML removes many of the more complex features of SGML that make the authoring and design of suitable software both difficult and costly. In the 2000s, there was XHTML. XML does not support attribute minimization. HTML 4 defined the name attribute for the elements a, applet, form, frame, iframe, img, and In addition, browsers ignore errors in HTML Write all XHTML tags and attributes in lower case only. WebHTML Minifier. Use external scripts if your script uses < or WebAttributes should be quoted Tags should nest not tag Unused elements may be minimized Unknown attributes are ignored by the browser. If a document is to be served as multiple media types, the HTTP server must be used to set the encoding of the document. W3C liability, trademark, document use and software licensing rules apply. remaining confident in their content's backward and future compatibility. Therefore, the historical practice of "hiding" scripts illustrated in a diff-marked version. Saving a few bytes by omitting 12 characters isnt useful if it causes confusion in understanding what your HTML is actually supposed to render. In XML, it is relatively easy to introduce new elements or additional The XHTML way is well-documented, because XHTML 1.0 describes in great detail in its section on Differences with HTML 4: Does this look familiar? WebThe HTML standard does not require lowercase attribute names. Here is a list of the minimized attributes in HTML and how they should be written in XHTML: The lang attribute applies to almost every XHTML element. It sounds like its illegal for documents to be well-formed. & or ]]> or --. This appendix summarizes design guidelines for authors who wish their XHTML documents to render on existing HTML user agents. (Ive argued this case before in my article, In Critical Defense of Frontend Development.). capitals letters are quiet ! The risk from using it lies entirely with the user. could happen if the declaration is in the external subset which the user agent hasn't read), the entity reference should be processed as the characters (starting with the ampersand and ending with This must be less than the minimum value (max attribute), if specified. A paragraph and a list, for example, are written like this in XHTML: In HTML, however, you can write them using only this code (which is valid): Developers also learned to write void elements, like so: This is something XHTML brought to HTML, but as the slash has no effect on void elements, you only need this: In HTML, you can also just write everything in all caps: It looks like youre yelling and you may not like it, but its okay to write it like this. Im more than happy spending those extra bytes for readability (and therefore maintainability) of a projects code. Perhaps some of them make your code more readable too. All the content onward is bold. Less is more less code = faster for front and backend. Custom minimizers. Although there is no requirement for XHTML 1.0 documents to be compatible with existing user agents, in practice this is easy to accomplish. Script and style See also translations. XHTML family Boolean Attributes, Yes they are completely valid. From W3C: (On SGML & HTML) Some attributes play the role of boolean variables (e.g., the selecte XHTML documents can utilize applications (e.g. HTML, back then, was loaded with <table> elements for layout, packed with presentational code, largely invalid (as its still today), with wildly varying user agent support. The W3C XHTML 1.0 spec states: XML does XHTML documents as media type text/html. xhtml is the base for xml datas integration at first, its a layout for xml supports at birth, and all xml derivatives. playoffs. For example, when the href attribute of the a element refers to a CGI script that takes parameters, it must be expressed as Ultimately, it will be possible to develop XHTML-conforming content that is usable explicitly address the issue of whitespace handling in non-Latin character sets. The annotated contents of this file are available in this separate section for completeness. Just always quote them, and move on with your life. production 5. 2.3.5 Attribute Minimization. W3C. No one ever made a slow website into a fast one by leaving out closing tags. Content available under a Creative Commons license. CSS defines different conformance rules for HTML and XML documents; be aware that the HTML rules apply to XHTML documents delivered as HTML and the XML rules apply to XHTML documents delivered as The following characters are defined in [XML] white space characters: The XML processor normalizes different systems' line end codes into one single LINE FEED character, that is passed up to the application. Didnt know about the quotes, will remove them too. If you want to study XML, please read our XML Tutorial. <p> </p> and not <p/>). There are also downsides to some of these practices. Attribute values are generally case-insensitive. In XHTML 1.0, elements and attributes are specified in lower-case. If you use the lang attribute in an element, you must also add When user agents process attributes, they do so according to Section 3.3.3 of [XML]: In XHTML, the script and style elements are declared as having #PCDATA content. And while the use of extension elements isnt as bad as before HTML4/5 standards, it still has to be accounted for. being of the internet media type defined in that statement. Having started my journey during the dark times of <marquee> and <table> as the method of laying out a website I appreciate the nostalgia of writing HTML like HTML. Attribute Minimization. Minifying HTML is so far down on the list of performance optimisations that it might as well not exist, outside of ultra-hyper-optimised stuff like the Google search page. Because of this change, care must be taken when converting existing HTML documents. xhtml had put out far the sgml style, and use open and close tag in front, so readability is made easy ( because of start and end of code areas too ). Within the XHTML namespace, user agents are expected to recognize the "class" attribute. prohibitions in XML. This is an XHTML document with a minimum of required tags: Note: The DOCTYPE declaration is not a part of the XHTML document itself. Here is the example showing syntax , XHTML does not allow attribute minimization. WebC. However, CSS selectors and parts of the Javascript API use ID attributes, so that is likely why the name attribute feel out of favor, with the exception for forms. Some of the benefits of migrating to XHTML in general are: The following terms are used in this specification. HTML 4 also introduced the id attribute. must specify the xml namespace for the document. There were reasons everyone preferred XHTML back in the early 00s. An XHTML document must have an XHTML <!DOCTYPE> declaration. Entity references as hex values must be in lowercase. In XML, an XML stylesheet declaration is used to define style rules. The named character reference ' (the apostrophe, U+0027) was introduced in XML 1.0 but does not appear in HTML. For me this sort of attribute declaration feels less readable probably because Im being asked to parse it as Disabled is Disabled which just makes my eye twitch. But when you write an XHTML document, you need to pay a bit extra attention to make your HTML document compliant to XHTML. Attributes like autocomplete and disabled are very different from each other and cannot really be handled as a group. This stems from when XHTML said that within the HTML that HTML element names should probably be in lowercase but would have to be if you wanted to validate your document as XML, and then if you did that you would have to type your references to them in your stylesheet in lowercase as well or otherwise the matching of elements in the HTML to their corresponding elements in the CSS would not work. And then that confusion makes it easier for devs to be too okay with DIV soup. HTML isnt XHTML. Attribute values must be quoted C. Attribute minimization is mandatory D. None of the mentioned Answer: Option B Solution (By Examveda Team) Syntax for attributes in HTML. Shine Tutorial is only for training . Similarly, dropping closing tags causes untold woes when the HTML is more than a few lines or worked on by a few developers, and youre not sure if its supposed to be nested or simply an error. Sorry, I cannot agree to most of this. WebAttribute Minimization XHTML does not allow attribute minimization. found on the Working Group's patent disclosure page. The HTML 4 document object to the <html> tag even if you do not include it. I love semantic HTML. Those HTML files looked terrible and deserved to die. This document is also available in these non-normative formats: Multi-part XHTML file, PostScript version, PDF version, ZIP archive, and Gzip'd TAR archive. CDATA sections are recognized by the XML processor and appear as nodes in the Document Object Model, see Section 1.3 of the DOM Level 1 Recommendation [DOM]. You will learn more about the XHTML
Must not contain the <img>, <object>, <big>, <small>, <sub>, or <sup> elements. and <img src="karen.jpg" alt="Karen"/>. WebHTML 4 also introduced the idattribute. Such prohibitions (called "exclusions") are not possible in XML. XHTML documents must use lower case for all HTML element and attribute names. It is valid for the input types including: date, month, week, time, datetime-local, number and range types, and the <meter> element. Further, since the set of legal values for attributes of type ID is much smaller than for those of type CDATA, the type of the name attribute has been It brought a cleaner code, less space for interpretation and more consistency. Which is your point. the semi-colon) that make up the entity reference. Its possible to set up a minifier during build, so that you can keep your XHTML-HTML in the repo, and ship only clean HTML-HTML thats what I did and am happy ;). If it encounters an entity reference (other than one of the entities defined in this recommendation or in the XML recommendation) for which the user agent has processed no declaration (which When defining fragment identifiers to be backward-compatible, only strings matching the pattern [A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9:_.-]* should be used. Through a new user agent and document Difference is that, here we have closed both the tags properly. Attribute minimization is mandatory D. None of the mentioned Answer & Solution Discuss in Board Save for Later 17. documents are compatible with historical HTML user agents and XML-based user agents, ampersands used in a document that are to be treated as literal characters must be expressed themselves as an That is, instead of marking an input element as required and read-only, like this: If youre not only taking advantage of the fact that the quotes arent needed, but that text is the default for the type attribute here (there are more such unneeded attributevalue combinations), you get an example that shows HTML in all its minimal beauty: The above isnt a representation of where HTML was in the 90s. Yes. Webwhere LO=LinearOperator, sp=Sparse matrix, HUS=HessianUpdateStrategy. WebThe attributes individually are not necessarily required, but in total at least one attribute must be provided to indicate. Attribute-value pairs must be written in full. The annotated contents of this file are available in this separate section for completeness. WebAttribute minimization is where the values for some attributes are nt defined . Compatibility with existing HTML user agents is possible by following a There are some things with the XHTML approach that are bad; e.g. White space handling in attribute values is done according to XML. None of this is new our field could merely decide to rediscover it. It might also affect your presentation, if you are not careful. I agree with some of your preferences, and its good to be reminded we have multiple valid options. Fewer decisions to make. The min attribute defines the minimum value that is acceptable and valid for the input containing the attribute. I also wonder how many hours are spent globally in HTML design discussions over each element/attribute, which could be spared by saying lets just follow the generic rule allowing time to be invested in more productive discussions about creating new functionality / adding value. Otherwise your document is assumed as an incorrect XHTML document. either have closing tags or be written in a special form (as described below), and that all the elements must nest properly. can be found at https://www.w3.org/TR/. may also be labeled with the Internet Media Type "application/xhtml+xml" as defined in [RFC3236]. Same for semicolons, I prefer to always use them; consistency over maximal minimalism. If you use the lang attribute in an element, you must also add the xml:lang attribute, like this: All XHTML documents must have a DOCTYPE declaration. The annotated contents of this file are available in this separate section for completeness. Note that in XHTML 1.0, the name attribute of these elements is formally deprecated, and will be removed in a subsequent version of XHTML. XML all the things. For HTML, this had a profound effect: The effect that we learned to write it the XHTML way. See Section 6.2 of [HTML4] for more information. The autocomplete attribute h
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